What are the causes of type 2 MI?
The main causes of type-II MI were anemia (31%), sepsis (24%), and arrhythmia (17%). Patients with type-II MI tended to be older (75.6±12 vs. 63.8±13, p<0.0001), female majority (43.3% vs. 22.3%, p<0.0001), had more frequently impaired functional level (45.7% vs.
What is Type 2 demand ischemia?
Type 2 MI is defined as “myocardial infarction secondary to ischaemia due to either increased oxygen demand or decreased supply, e.g. coronary artery spasm, coronary embolism, anaemia, arrhythmias, hypertension or hypotension.”
How is type 2 MI diagnosed?
According to the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI), the diagnosis of MI requires the rise and/or fall of cardiac biomarkers with clinical evidence of ischemia, defined by symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, or new regional wall motion abnormalities.
What is the difference between demand ischemia and type 2 MI?
Demand ischemia should be reserved for when there is evidence of supply-demand mismatch causing ischemia without an elevated troponin above the 99th percentile. If the troponin is > 99th percentile the diagnosis is a Type 2 MI.
What is the difference between NSTEMI and type 2 MI?
(NSTEMI) is a common diagnosis in hospitalized patients. Type 2 has been reported up to 25% of cases of MI depending on the population studied. Type 2 NSTEMI is defined as myocardial ischemia resulting from mismatched myocardial oxygen supply and demand that is not related to unstable coronary artery disease (CAD).
Is demand ischemia a CC?
In this case, demand ischemia would be a CC, and Type 2 MI would affect the DRG assignment, but it wouldn’t add a CC/MCC.
What is supply/demand ischemia?
Demand ischemia describes myocardial ischemia primarily due to cardiac supply/demand mismatch rather than CAD. In other words, the supply of blood flow to the heart is not limited but is inadequate to match the increased oxygen demands of an increased workload on the heart.
Why is troponin I elevated in MI?
An increased level of the cardiac protein isoform of troponin circulating in the blood has shown to be a biomarker of heart disorders, the most important of which is myocardial infarction [148]. Raised troponin levels indicate cardiac muscle cell death as the enzyme is released into the blood upon injury to the heart.
Is NSTEMI a Type 1 or Type 2?
Most NSTEMI (65%–90%) are type 1 MI. Patients with type 2 MI have multiple comorbidities and causes of in-hospital mortality among these patients are not always CV-related.