What are the symptoms of ototoxicity?
What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Ototoxicity?
- no problems.
- minimal hearing loss but not notice a problem.
- “ringing in the ears” (tinnitus).
- major problems with balance.
- hearing problems, usually in both ears (called bilateral hearing loss).
- profound hearing loss (deafness)
What is nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are clinically significant dose-related adverse effects associated with second-line anti-tubercular injectables drugs (aminoglycosides and capreomycin) used during intensive phase of treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.
What are the signs and symptoms of aminoglycoside toxicity?
GENERAL FEATURES OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE NEPHROTOXICITY Nephrotoxicity induced by aminoglycosides manifests clinically as nonoliguric renal failure, with a slow rise in serum creatinine and a hypoosmolar urinary output developing after several days of treatment.
What is the definition of nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity is defining as rapid deterioration in the kidney function due to toxic effect of medications and chemicals. There are various forms, and some drugs may affect renal function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
What causes ototoxicity?
Antibiotics such as gentamicin, chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin, diuretics like Furosemide and some of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are known to be ototoxic. Exposure to certain environmental and occupational chemicals has also been known to cause hearing loss due to ototoxicity.
How is ototoxicity diagnosed?
How is Ototoxicity Diagnosed? Diagnosis is made from the individual’s history, symptoms, and test results. There is no specific test for ototoxicity, but it is taken into consideration where there is a positive history of exposure to medicines or chemicals known to cause hearing loss.
What is the meaning of ototoxicity?
Medical Definition of ototoxic : producing, involving, or being adverse effects on organs or nerves involved in hearing or balance an ototoxic drug. Other Words from ototoxic.
Which drug is ototoxic and nephrotoxic?
It is well established that many drugs, such as the aminoglycoside antibiotics and the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, are capable of inducing both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
Which antibiotic causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin can cause both ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, the severity of which varies with circadian time of daily treatment. However, it is not yet resolved if such drug-induced adverse effects are independent or dependent phenomena.
Which aminoglycoside is most nephrotoxic?
Choice of aminoglycoside The following rank order of nephrotoxicity has been reported, from most toxic to least toxic: neomycin > gentamicin ≥ tobramycin ≥ amikacin ≥ netilmicin > streptomycin [1].
What can cause nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity or renal toxicity can be a result of hemodynamic changes, direct injury to cells and tissue, inflammatory tissue injury, and/or obstruction of renal excretion. Nephrotoxicity is frequently induced by a wide spectrum of therapeutic drugs and environmental pollutants.
What are nephrotoxic foods?
Restrictions and foods to avoid on a nephrotic syndrome diet
- processed cheeses.
- high-sodium meats (bologna, ham, bacon, sausage, hot dogs)
- frozen dinners and entrées.
- canned meats.
- pickled vegetables.
- salted potato chips, popcorn, and nuts.
- salted bread.
What is the pathophysiology of drug-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
Drug-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity can be explained on a cellular level. Studies using radiolabeled gentamicin suggest that binding mechanisms of the drug to the plasma membrane of the outer hair cells of the cochlea and vestibular apparatus and to the brush border receptors of the renal proximal convoluted tubules are similar.
In other cases, the loss of hearing may be very significant, or the ototoxicity may take the form of ringing in the ears, or other sensations.
Is ototoxicity the same as neurotoxicity?
The parts of the brain that receive hearing and balance information from the inner ear can also be affected by poison, but this is not technically considered ototoxicity. Poisoning of the brain is classified as neurotoxicity.
What is the pathophysiology of ototoxicity of antibiotics?
Antibiotics. Macrolide antibiotics, including erythromycin, are associated with reversible ototoxic effects. The underlying mechanism of ototoxicity may be impairment of ion transport in the stria vascularis. Predisposing factors include renal impairment, hepatic impairment, and recent organ transplantation.